Shots:   Merck & Co., Roche, and Johnson & Johnson emerged as the leading pharmaceutical companies by R&D expenditure in 2025, investing $15.78B, $15.49B, and $14.66B, respectively. Continued investments in late-stage clinical programs, pipeline expansion, advanced technologies, and strategic business development reinforced their commitment to driving pharmaceutical innovation  Global biopharmaceutical R&D investment continues to accelerate as…