Vistagen (Nasdaq: VTGN), a biopharmaceutical company pioneering neuroscience to deliver groundbreaking therapies for individuals affected by psychiatric and neurological disorders, today announced positive results from a Phase 2A pilot study of PH15, an investigational pherine nasal spray, for improvement of psychomotor impairment caused by mental fatigue. PH15 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in reaction time compared to placebo and caffeine in sleep-deprived study participants.

The previously unreported randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover Phase 2A pilot study of PH15 was designed to explore the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intranasal administration of PH15 on psychomotor performance as measured by reaction time in sleep-deprived participants. Ten participants were randomly administered PH15 (multiple 1.6 µg doses, total dose of 9.6 µg), placebo (nasal spray and oral), or caffeine (single 400 mg oral dose administered 1 hour before the session) in sequential sleep deprivation study sessions spaced one week apart. During each sleep deprivation session, participants received blinded treatments before the start of each of four testing periods, at 6:00 p.m., 9:00 p.m., midnight, and 3:00 a.m. The participants’ reaction times to both isochronous (regular interval) and stochastic (random interval) “flash” light stimuli were computer-measured during each testing period as participants responded to the luminous stimuli.

Statistically Significant Efficacy

During both isochronous and stochastic reaction time tests, administration of 1.6 µg PH15 nasal spray induced a significantly faster mean reaction time compared to placebo nasal spray across all time points (p<0.001). PH15 also demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in reaction time compared to oral caffeine (p<0.001) for both reaction time tests during the testing periods at midnight and 3:00 a.m. when subjects were most fatigued.

Well-tolerated Therapy

PH15 was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. The adverse event profiles of PH15 and placebo were comparable, with brief nasal itching in one PH15-dosed participant and three placebo-dosed subjects. Participants on oral caffeine, however, experienced palpitations, euphoria, dry mouth, stomachache, and polyuria.

“In this Phase 2A pilot study, PH15 nasal spray demonstrated significant improvement in reaction time when compared to both oral caffeine and placebo in sleep-deprived participants. These pilot findings contribute to our confidence in PH15’s potential as an innovative treatment for enhancing psychomotor performance and potentially cognitive impairment, particularly in addressing the challenges of mental fatigue,” said Shawn Singh, Chief Executive Officer of Vistagen. “Numerous disorders, such as shift work disorder, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, can lead to debilitating sleep deprivation and mental fatigue. Individuals affected by these disorders require improved treatment options with a differentiated safety profile, one without the potential for abuse liability or negative and treatment-limiting side effects and safety concerns. We anticipate exploring PH15’s potential to emerge as a new and transformative solution for these underserved individuals.”

This previously unreported Phase 2A pilot study of PH15 was sponsored by Pherin Pharmaceuticals (Pherin), now a wholly owned subsidiary of Vistagen, and conducted at the National Institute of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Clinic in Mexico City, Mexico in 2011. Vistagen gained access to the results of this study in connection with its acquisition of Pherin in February 2023. The late Jose Maria Calvo, MD, formerly Associate Professor, National Institute of Psychiatry in Mexico City, served as the Principal Investigator of the study.

About Pherines

Pherines are novel neurocircuitry-focused drug candidates delivered intranasally for treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The proposed mechanisms of action (MOAs) of pherines are fundamentally differentiated from the MOAs of all approved drugs, offering a new standard of care for multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Their effect on the CNS is through the activation of nasal chemosensory receptors, which send signals through neural circuitry to specific brain regions. The novel nose-to-brain MOAs of pherines offer the potential to deliver meaningful, rapid-onset efficacy and a differentiated safety profile, without systemic absorption or CNS uptake. All of the five pherines in Vistagen’s clinical-stage neuroscience pipeline have demonstrated a favorable safety profile in clinical trials completed to date.

About PH15

PH15 is an odorless, tasteless synthetic investigational pherine with a novel, rapid-onset proposed mechanism of action (MOA) that is fundamentally differentiated from the MOA of all currently approved treatments to improve psychomotor or cognitive impairment caused by mental fatigue. PH15’s proposed MOA targets nasal receptors that activate olfactory-amygdala and olfactory hippocampus neural circuits in the limbic system that are known to be associated with psychomotor activity and cognition, without requiring systemic absorption or direct action on neurons in the brain. PH15 has demonstrated an excellent safety profile in all clinical trials completed to date. Vistagen is currently evaluating the potential Phase 2 development path forward for PH15 and a nonclinical program required to support a U.S. Investigational New Drug application to facilitate further Phase 2 development of PH15 in the U.S.

About Vistagen

Vistagen (Nasdaq: VTGN) is a biopharmaceutical company pioneering neuroscience to deliver groundbreaking therapies for individuals affected by psychiatric and neurological disorders. Five of Vistagen’s clinical-stage neuroscience pipeline candidates belong to a new class of drugs known as pherines, which are investigational neuroactive nasal sprays with innovative proposed mechanisms of action that activate chemosensory neurons in the nasal passages to impact fundamental neural circuitry in the brain without the need for systemic absorption or binding to receptors in the brain. Vistagen’s sixth investigational candidate is an oral prodrug with potential to modulate NMDA receptor activity. At Vistagen, we are passionate about delivering differentiated treatments that set new standards of care for people living with anxiety, depression, and other neurological disorders. Connect at www.Vistagen.com.